14) Avoid Unnecessary Indirection
How it affects performance:
When you use byRef, you pass pointers instead of the actual object.
Many times this makes sense (side-effecting functions, for example), but you don't always need it. Passing pointers results in more indirection, which is slower than accessing a value that is on the stack.
Solution:
When you don't need to go through the heap, it is best to avoid it there by avoiding indirection.
15) Use "ArrayLists" in place of arrays
How it improves performance
An ArrayList as everything that is good about an array PLUS automatic sizing, Add, Insert, Remove, Sort, Binary Search.
All these great helper methods are added when implementing the IList interface.
Tradeoffs:
The downside of an ArrayList is the need to cast objects upon retrieval.
16) Always check Page.IsValid when using Validator Controls
Always make sure you check Page.IsValid before processing your forms when using Validator Controls.
17) Use Paging
Take advantage of paging's simplicity in .net. Only show small subsets of data at a time, allowing the page to load faster.
Tradeoffs:
Just be careful when you mix in caching. Don't cache all the data in the grid.
18) Store your content by using caching
How it improves performance:
ASP.NET allows you to cache entire pages, fragment of pages or controls. You can cache also variable data by specifying the parameters that the data depends. By using caching you help ASP.NET engine to return data for repeated request for the same page much faster.
When and Why Use Caching:
A Proper use and fine tune of caching approach of caching will result on better performance and scalability of your site. However improper use of caching will actually slow down and consume lots of your server performance and memory usage.
Good candidate to use caching is if you have infrequent chance of data or static content of web page.
19) Use low cost authentication
Authentication can also have an impact over the performance of your application. For example passport authentication is slower than form-base authentication which in here turn is slower than Windows authentication.
20) Minimize the number of web server controls
How it affects performance:
The use of web server controls increases the response time of your application because they need time to be processed on the server side before they are rendered on the client side.
Solution:
One way to minimize the number of web server controls is to taking into consideration, the usage of HTML elements where they are suited, for example if you want to display static text.
21) Avoid using unmanaged code
How it affects performance:
Calls to unmanaged code are a costly marshaling operation.
Solution:
Try to reduce the number calls between the managed and unmanaged code. Consider to do more work in each call rather than making frequent calls to do small tasks.
22) Avoid making frequent calls across processes
If you are working with distributed applications, this involves additional overhead negotiating network and application level protocols. In this case network speed can also be a bottleneck. Try to do as much work as possible in fewer calls over the network.
23) Cleaning Up Style Sheets and Script Files
- A quick and easy way to improve your web application's performance is by going back and cleaning up your CSS Style Sheets and Script Files of unnecessary code or old styles and functions. It is common for old styles and functions to still exist in your style sheets and script files during development cycles and when improvements are made to a website.
- Many websites use a single CSS Style Sheet or Script File for the entire website. Sometimes, just going through these files and cleaning them up can improve the performance of your site by reducing the page size. If you are referencing images in your style sheet that are no longer used on your website, it's a waste of performance to leave them in there and have them loaded each time the style sheet is loaded.
- Run a web page analyzer against pages in your website so that you can see exactly what is being loaded and what takes the most time to load.
Use simple structs when you can, and when you don't do a lot of boxing and unboxing.
Tradeoffs:
ValueTypes are far less flexible than Objects, and end up hurting performance if used incorrectly. You need to be very careful about when you treat them like objects. This adds extra boxing and unboxing overhead to your program, and can end up costing you more than it would if you had stuck with objects.
25) Minimize assemblies
Minimize the number of assemblies you use to keep your working set small. If you load an entire assembly just to use one method, you're paying a tremendous cost for very little benefit. See if you can duplicate that method's functionality using code that you already have loaded.
26) Encode Using ASCII When You Don't Need UTF
By default, ASP.NET comes configured to encode requests and responses as UTF-8.
If ASCII is all your application needs, eliminated the UTF overhead can give you back a few cycles. Note that this can only be done on a per-application basis.
27) Avoid Recursive Functions / Nested Loops
These are general things to adopt in any programming language, which consume lot of memory. Always avoid Nested Loops, Recursive functions, to improve performance.
28) Minimize the Use of Format ()
When you can, use toString () instead of format (). In most cases, it will provide you with the functionality you need, with much less overhead.
29) Place StyleSheets into the Header
Web developers who care about performance want browser to load whatever content it has as soon as possible. This fact is especially important for pages with a lot of content and for users with slow Internet connections. When the browser loads the page progressively the header, the logo, the navigation components serve as visual feedback for the user. When we place style sheets near the bottom part of the html, most browsers stop rendering to avoid redrawing
elements of the page if their styles change thus decreasing the performance of the page. So, always place StyleSheets into the Header.
30) Put Scripts to the end of Document
Unlike StyleSheets, it is better to place scripts to the end of the document. Progressive rendering is blocked until all StyleSheets have been downloaded. Scripts cause progressive rendering to stop for all content below the script until it is fully loaded. Moreover, while downloading a script, browser does not start any other component downloads, even on different hostnames.
So,always have scripts at the end of the document.
31) Make JavaScript and CSS External
Using external files generally produces faster pages because the JavaScript and CSS files are cached by the browser.
Inline JavaScript and CSS increases the HTML document size but reduces the number of HTTP requests. With cached external files, the size of the HTML is kept small without increasing the number of HTTP requests thus improving the performance.
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